In Tkinter you can specify how your widgets look like (color, font size, border etc).
The styling options are specified as options to the widgets either at the time of creating the widgets, or later by using the configure() option.
Now, let’s see how we can apply different colors, fonts, border widths, reliefs, cursors, and bitmap icons to widgets.
Widgets should be responsive to events (pressing of buttons or keys, mouse clicks etc). This requires associating callbacks with specific events. Callbacks are associated with events, which is known as command binding.
Command binding is the simplest way to add functionality to a button.
command = some_callbackThe command is available only for certain widgets.
If we have the following function …
def callback1():
# do something when button is clickedAlthough the place() geometry manager is the least used geometry manager in Tkinter, it allows you to position widgets using the (x,y) coordinate system.
The most useful options for place() are:
x = N and y = N)relx, rely, relwidth, and relheight).Other options that are commonly used with place() include width and anchor.
Example:
from tkinter import *
root = Tk()
# Absolute positioning
Button(root, text = "Absolute").place(x = 60, y = 20)
# x - horizontal placement; y - vertical placement
# Relative positioning
Button(root, text = "Relative").place(relx = 0.8, rely = 0.3, relwidth = 0.3, width = 40, anchor = NE)
root.mainloop()The grid geometry manager organizes the container frame into a table with rows and columns. Each cell in the table can hold one widget. Widgets can span multiple cells.
Example:
Let’s create a login window using the grid() geometry manager. I placed all the code in a file named test04.py.
from tkinter import *
root = Tk()
label1 = Label(root, text = "Username")
label1.grid(row = 0, sticky = W)
label2 = Label(root, text = "Password")
label2.grid(row = 1, sticky = W)
entry1 = Entry(root)
entry1.grid(row = 0, column = 1, sticky = E)
entry2 = Entry(root)
entry2.grid(row = 1, column = 1, sticky = E)
button1 = Button(root, text = "Login")
button1.grid(row = 2, column = 1, sticky = E)
root.mainloop()Now we have a bunch of widgets within out main window (in the test.py file). It looks hideous now. Let’s see how we can arrange them to look better using geometry managers.
There are three Tkinter geometry managers. They are:
pack() – Simple to use for simple layouts.grid() – Commonly used geometry manager, table-like layout of management features.place() – Least popular, provides the best control for the absolute positioning of widgets.Widgets are the building blocks of GUI programs. When building a GUI the main question become which components (widgets) should appear in the window?
The syntax that is used to add a widget is as follows:
my_widget = Widget-name(its container window, ** its configuration options)To exemplify, let’s add two widgets (a label, and a button) to the root window we have created in the part 1. This is my test.py file:
from tkinter import *
root = Tk()
label = Label(root, text="Label widget")
button = Button(root, text="Button widget")
label.pack()
button.pack()
root.mainloop()Tkinter is a graphical user interface (GUI) library for Python. It is the Python interface to Tk, the GUI toolkit for Tcl/Tk.
Tcl (Tool Command Language) is a scripting language used in embedded applications, testing, prototyping, and GUI development. Tk is an open source, multi-platform widget toolkit for building GUI programs.
There are a few key concepts you must understand in order to be able to work with Tkinter and Python.
command and event bidings).